吴本虎学友之园：综合认知能力发展探究

综合认知能力发展探究（5）：用评析性思维优化创造性思维

Exploring the Developing Integrated Cognitive Competence

(综合认知能力发展探究)

Session 5

(第5讲)

Improve creative thinking with critical thinking

(用评析性思维优化创造性思维)

Part 1 Creative thinking techniques

Text 1

Creativity Training

Creative Thinking Techniques in Action – 40 Uses For A Brick

Posted on 21 November 2010 by Sandy Cormack

Creative thinking techniques help us learn to proliferate ideas. When we learn to proliferate ideas we become better at divergent thinking – one of the most powerful tools in a problem solver’s toolbelt.

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Wu Benhu: What does ‘toolbelt’ mean?

We can use http://images.google.com.hk/ to find out many pictures of toolbelt.

When someone asks you to come up with ideas to solve a problem, how many do you typically produce? One? Two? Five?

The following example illustrates how we can use a few simple creative thinking techniques to generate tons of useful ideas.

The problem: How many different ways can we use a brick?

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Wu Benhu:

Although the above problem ‘How many different ways can we use a brick?’ is not directly related to our course or to our English language learning, we can change it to serve our purpose as follows:

How many different ways can we use English?

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How many different ways can we use _______?

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How many different ways can we use our textbook?

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How many different ways can we ________________?

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How many different ways can we develop our creative thinking?

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How many different techniques can we develop our creative thinking?

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How many different techniques can we develop our critical thinking?

Text 2

Question Summary "Applied Imagination"

Alex Osborn - 1957

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Wu Benhu: Transpose the first part and the second part of a phrase?

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关于思考的思考

----从“民族的思考”到“思考的民族”

只有敢于思考，才有可能超越过去，自拔自救。

只有勤于思考，才有可能超越他人，自立自强。

只有善于思考，才有可能超越自己，自新自为。

Thinking about Thinking

--From “A Nation’s Thinking” to “A Thinking Nation”

Only a nation that takes initiatives in independent thinking can stop the indulgence of its past pride to achieve self-salvation.

Only a nation that maintains diligence in critical thinking can regain a lead in its lasting self-strengthening.

Only a nation that resorts to creative thinking can break the barrier of its own limited capacity to realize self-transcendence.

Part 2 Critical thinking techniques

http://members.optusnet.com.au/charles57/Creative/Techniques/sixhats.htm

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Six Thinking Hats

A summary by Sylvie Labelle

Early in the 1980s Dr. de Bono invented the Six Thinking Hats method. The method is a framework for thinking and can incorporate lateral thinking. Valuable judgmental thinking has its place in the system but is not allowed to dominate as in normal thinking. Dr. de Bono organized a network of authorized trainers to introduce the Six Thinking Hats. Advanced Practical Thinking (APTT), of Des Moines, Iowa USA, licenses the training in all parts of the world except Canada (and now, Europe). APTT organizes the trainers and supplies the only training materials written and authorized by Dr. de Bono.

Organizations such as Prudential Insurance, IBM, Federal Express, British Airways, Polaroid, Pepsico, DuPont, and Nippon Telephone and Telegraph, possibly the world's largest company, use Six Thinking Hats.

The six hats represent six modes of thinking and are directions to think rather than labels for thinking. That is, the hats are used proactively rather than reactively.

The method promotes fuller input from more people. In de Bono's words it "separates ego from performance". Everyone is able to contribute to the exploration without denting egos as they are just using the yellow hat or whatever hat. The six hats system encourages performance rather than ego defense. People can contribute under any hat even though they initially support the opposite view.

The key point is that a hat is a direction to think rather than a label for thinking. The key theoretical reasons to use the Six Thinking Hats are to:

• encourage Parallel Thinking
• encourage full-spectrum thinking
• separate ego from performance

The published book Six Thinking Hats (de Bono, 1985) is readily available and explains the system, although there have been some additions and changes to the execution of the method.

The following is an excerpt from John Culvenor and Dennis Else Engineering Creative Design, 1995)

White Hat on the Hats

There are six metaphorical hats and the thinker can put on or take off one of these hats to indicate the type of thinking being used. This putting on and taking off is essential. The hats must never be used to categorize individuals, even though their behavior may seem to invite this. When done in group, everybody wear the same hat at the same time.

White Hat thinking

This covers facts, figures, information needs and gaps. "I think we need some white hat thinking at this point..." means Let's drop the arguments and proposals, and look at the data base."

Red Hat thinking

This covers intuition, feelings and emotions. The red hat allows the thinker to put forward an intuition without any ned to justify it. "Putting on my red hat, I think this is a terrible proposal." Ususally feelings and intuition can only be introduced into a discussion if they are supported by logic. Usually the feeling is genuine but the logic is spurious.The red hat gives full permission to a thinker to put forward his or her feelings on the subject at the moment.

Black Hat thinking

This is the hat of judgment and caution. It is a most valuable hat. It is not in any sense an inferior or negative hat. The rior or negative hat. The black hat is used to point out why a suggestion does not fit the facts, the available experience, the system in use, or the policy that is being followed. The black hat must always be logical.

Yellow Hat thinking

This is the logical positive. Why something will work and why it will offer benefits. It can be used in looking forward to the results of some proposed action, but can also be used to find something of value in what has already happened.

Green Hat thinking

This is the hat of creativity, alternatives, proposals, what is interesting, provocations and changes.

Blue Hat thinking

This is the overview or process control hat. It looks not at the subject itself but at the 'thinking' about the subject. "Putting on my blue hat, I feel we should do some more green hat thinking at this point." In technical terms, the blue hat is concerned with meta-cognition.

Wu Benhu

If we combine creative thinking techniques and critical thinking techniques in problem solving and decision making, we are more likely to achieve our goal.

Now let’s return to our preceding question ‘How many different ways can we use English?’

We can use our creative thinking techniques to find out our ways of using English as many as possible.

We can further use our critical thinking techniques to select the most enjoyable and rewarding ways of using English.

We may use the above method to deal with other problems.

Table 1 Inquiry into the ways of using English

5=Very enjoyable                       5=Very rewarding

4=Enjoyable                               4=Rewarding

3=Somewhat enjoyable               3=Somewhat rewarding

2=Not enjoyable                         2=Not rewarding

1=Not enjoyable at all                 1=Not rewarding at all

Course Work

Fill in Table 1 and send the completed table to wbh511@163.com (Time due: 14:00 March 15, 2012.)

Task for Session 6

Try to find something to read on the relationship between language and thinking.

综合认知能力发展探究 第6讲 寻求思维与语言的相互促进 (2012-3-15)

posted on 2012-03-13 02:33 吴本虎 阅读(140) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: 综合认知能力发展探究2012春