Exploring the Developing Integrated Cognitive Competence
(综合认知能力发展探究)
Session 4
(第4讲)
Promote creative thinking in problem solving
(在解决问题过程中推进创造性思维)
From the theme of this session, we can find out that there are two phrases: One is creative thinking and the other is problem solving.
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These two phrases can help us find out more about how to promote creative thinking in problem solving.
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Now, let’s see how we can benefit from these two phrases.
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http://www.google.com.hk/
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"creative thinking" "problem solving"
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Introduction to Creative Thinking
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Wu Benhu’s advice for your reading:
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You can try your active reading, enjoyable reading, functional reading, and selective reading.
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The following is the summary of my reading experiences:
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Do the following: |
Don’t do the following: |
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Active reading |
Not passive reading |
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Enjoyable reading |
Not reluctant reading |
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Functional reading |
Not general reading |
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Selective reading |
Not complete reading |
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For our more effective and efficient reading |
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http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook1.htm
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VirtualSalt
Introduction to Creative Thinking by Robert Harris
Version Date: July 1, 1998
Much of the thinking done in formal education emphasizes the skills of analysis--teaching students how to understand claims, follow or create a logical argument, figure out the answer, eliminate the incorrect paths and focus on the correct one. However, there is another kind of thinking, one that focuses on exploring ideas, generating possibilities, looking for many right answers rather than just one. Both of these kinds of thinking are vital to a successful working life, yet the latter one tends to be ignored until after college. We might differentiate these two kinds of thinking like this:
Critical Thinking |
Creative Thinking |
analytic |
generative |
convergent |
divergent |
vertical |
lateral |
probability |
possibility |
judgment |
suspended judgment |
focused |
diffuse |
objective |
subjective |
answer |
an answer |
left brain |
right brain |
verbal |
visual |
linear |
associative |
reasoning |
richness, novelty |
yes but |
yes and |
The following was constructed after class:
When we are considering some properties of critical thinking and creative thinking, namely, verbal and linear in critical thinking and visual and associative in creative thinking, we may find the following differences:
The following was constructed during the break of the session:
The thinking complex
思维复合体 |
Focus of thinking |
Divergent |
Convergent |
Freedom of thinking |
Creative |
Free and not focused |
Free but focused |
Critical |
Controlled but not focused |
Controlled and focused |
The above can be considered as theoretical construction. (以上部分可以视为理论建构。)
Wu Benhu:
Now let’s use the idea presented above:
1. Creative thinking is generative and divergent. (创造性思维具有生成性与发散性。)
2. Critical thinking is analytic and convergent. (评析性思维具有分析性与收敛性。)
3. We can try both creative thinking and critical thinking with our question ‘How to learn English better?’
4. Consider ‘How to learn English better?’ in creative thinking.
1) I may copy new words. (我可以抄生词。)
2) I may recite new words. (我可以背单词)
3) I may read valuable texts. (我可以阅读有价值的文章。)
4) I may read interesting texts. (我可以阅读有趣的文章。)
5) I may read interesting and valuable texts. (我可以阅读既有趣又有价值的文章。)
5. Consider ‘How to learn English better?’ in critical thinking.
1) I try to find the most enjoyable way in learning English.
2) I try to find the most rewarding way in learning English.
3) I try to find the most enjoyable and rewarding way in learning English.
Class discussion
How can we learn English better from, in, and for creative thinking?
1. How can we learn English better from creative thinking?
2. How can we learn English better in creative thinking?
3. How can we learn English better for creative thinking?
Course work
Practice your creative thinking in finding out the best way and the worst way in learning English:
1. List 3 or 4 ways you usually use.
2. Compare them to see which is the most effective and which is the least effective.
3. Try to find out why it is the most effective or it is the least effective.
(You may use both English and Chinese for this course work.)
Questions for your considerations of Session 5
1. What are creative thinking techniques?
2. What are critical thinking techniques?
3. What are the differences between creative thinking techniques and critical thinking techniques?